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THE ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR I The origin of World War I included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism played major roles in the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the “July crisis of 1914”, the spark (or ‘casus belli’) for which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by Gavrilo Pricip, a nationalist Serb. However, the crisis did not exist in avoid. It came at the end of a long series of diplomatic clashes between the Great Powers in the decade prior to 1914 which had left tensions high almost to breaking point. Although World War I was triggered by this chain of events unleashed by the assassination, the war’s origins go deeper, involving national politics, cultures, economics, and a complex web of alliances and counterbalances that developed between the course of the nineteenth century, following the final 1815 defeat Napoleon Bonaparte and t...

International Relations Main Actors Review between state-nation actor and non-state actors in the world politics I. State Nation Actors in World Politics The practice and theory of international relations importantly which focuses on sovereign statehood, have commonly raised questions and debates. In order to relate those questions and arguments, traditional and new approaches are devised between IR scholars. One an extreme scholar groups have deliberately focused on the IR scope of study based on interstate relations. What they refer is an interstate relation that consists of state-nation as the main actor in international politics. Meanwhile, in respond to that, another group of scholars create idea that scope of IR study must have been dealing with human relations thoroughly. Due to differences above, the state system issued as the main point of reference for both. In response to that, I would mention about state system as a reference as another way to bridge those different insight...

THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY 7th Journal of November 3rd, 2008 In the world politics especially in the scope of international society, one nation mush have to lice side y side with other nations as so called neighboring states. Because in the perspective of globalization, a nation is not inclined neither to live alone by himself nor isolated. Therefore, a nation inclined to make relations with its neighboring states. Some of these circumstances may generate problems while some can result to building good understanding. According to Robert H Jackson, this relation potentially leads to two directions. First, would lead nation with terms of coalition, cultural change, communication, recognition, and thus soon called positive relation. Second would lead nation to form of competition, disputes, threats, intimidation, intervention, invasion and others, called negative impacts brought by the contact among neighboring states. However, dispute the negative and positive effects emerged...

After cold war II, states allied in war against Axis power held meeting in Bretton Woods in order to create the same agreements of how international economy and commerce was going to be directed. Two most prominent countries/states which had significant roles in the meeting were United States and Britain. United states urged/ promoted monetary stability, free trade and open markets. While Britain suggested about the role of the state in managin inflation, unemployment, and growth. The following rules established at Bretton Woods were achievement would govern international monetary as well as governing economic interactions. The contents of Bretton Woods mainly about how to create global economic system resed on agreements in between 44 states/ nations who allied in world war II. The meeting in Bretton Woods was dominated by two different point of views, first Keynes and … . However, Bretton Woods had come to fail by the occurrence of fixed exchange rate. Thus, cause to exist Liberal In...

The International history between 1900-1945 was remarked by the emergence of various events. Those are the frist world war, the fall of empires of Austro Hungray, China, US prosperity post world war, the raising of new states, the emergence Japan’s industrialization and its hegemony on East Asian, and the world war II. This various events had also generated huge revolution occurred in diverse and range of nations. Especailly for those who engaged and triggered the wars. For example, European had not experienced a major war involving most of its dominant states for century. Except the hundred years wars (1353-1453) between France emperium and British, however 100 years ar didn’t enclose all of (most of) european states. The consequences of the wrs for certainty was enormous and massive. Enormous refered to caualties caused by wars; while massive meant destruction brought by the widespread of colonials, imperialism and rivalry between states and its colonizations. Peace settlement had be...

Globalization Terms Martin Albrow: 1990: Globalization refers to all those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society, global society. Globalization in genereal views (definition) in which processes of making nations/ nation-states united in one single global world. Anthony Giddens: 1996: Globalization can be defined as the intensification of world wide social relations which link distant lovalities in such way that local happeneing are shaped by events occuring many miles away and vice versa. Globalization is defined as occurrence in which one local event could give affect in another world thoroughly nor can be viewed in another part of the world. therefore, globalization identified the presence of advanced technology that can enhance/ hasten the speed of information. Emanuel Richter: Global networking that has welded together preciously disparate and isolated communities on this planet into mutual dependence and unity of one world globaliz...

ORIGIN AND DEFINITION To understand the contemporary world and the significance of globalization we need to consider the evolution of international society. The historical origin of international relations can only be a matter of speculation, but it was a time when people began to settle down on the land and form themselves into separate territory-based political communities. International society stands for relations between politically organized human groupings which occupy distinctive territories and enjoy and exercise a measure of independence from each other. International society can thus be conceived as society of political communities which are not under any higher political authority. The starting point of international relations is the existence of states, or independent political communities, each of which possesses a government and asserts sovereignty in relation to a particular portion of the earth’s surface and a particular segment of the human population. The earliest re...

INTRODUCTION Realism is also known well by term “political realism”. During international relations history together with the history of international politics and global politics, realism approaches along with different realism theories have been one of the underlying basic perspectives to understand why and how states act toward each others. in most of the IR studies and cases, realism has been a dominant theory because it’s able to provide the most logical statements okf qustions why states (recently and beforehand) inclined to engage in regular wars. the term of realism has broad branches, generally known are classical realism, neoclassical realism, neorealism (structural realism), strategic realism and modern realism (modified realism). although realism refers to above points, basically each has lots of similarities and slight differences in explaining how international system works. The obvious similarities among them is, they all share belief that states are primarily motivated ...

International Relations defined as a branch of political science. It is about dealing and accepting the consequences of the relationship between nations. This term is used to identify all interactions between state-based, actors across, state, boundaries. The term can immediately be compared with, though is broader than, international politics. Indeed, it’s a sub-fields of international relations. The term of International Politics is used to identify those interactions between state, actors across state, boundaries that have a specific political content and character. It is consist of methods and tactics. However, the decisions must to suitable with each nation’s foreign policy. Foreign Policy is the diplomatic policy of a nation in its interaction with the others. It is about the activity whereby state, actors act, react, and interact. In fact, there’s no nation which can survive by itself. That’s why the diplomacy is needed to do. It is the skill to make a deal with somebody else o...

NATION AND STATES Nation is an aggregation of person of the same ethnic family, often speaking the same language or cognate languages. It’s culturally homogenous group of people, larger than a single tribe or community who share a common language, institution, religion, and historical experience. State is the condition of matter with respect to structure, form, constitution, phase, or the like. State can be used interchangeably with the country. For example: France, Egypt, Germany, Japan, and New Zealand. When nation of people have a State or country of their own, it’s called a nation-state. Nation-state is a sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogenous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality. In the other hand, state-nation is a sovereign state inhabited by extremely heterogeneous groups of people who share a feeling of common nationality too. Ethnicity is all about to ethnic traits, background, allegiance or association. Ethnic is belonging to or derivin...

The history of international relations is often traced back the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, where the modern state system was developed. Westphalia encouraged the rise of the independent nation state, the institutionalization of diplomacy and armies. The contemporary international system was finally established through decolonization during Cold War. However, this somewhat over-simplified. IR AS AN ART International Relations as an art occur when a nation make a relationship with the other nations. For instance when a nations decide to work together in trading or military with the others. One of the most significant problems in work on the history of IR is that these histories have failed to address question, how one should write the history of IR in the field? Describing the history of IR as if a complete consensus existed on the essential dimension of the field’s evolution is not easy at all, the absence of any significant controversy concern “how the field has developed” must be...