Introduction to IR: Nation-states

NATION AND STATES

Nation is an aggregation of person of the same ethnic family, often speaking the same language or cognate languages. It’s culturally homogenous group of people, larger than a single tribe or community who share a common language, institution, religion, and historical experience.

State is the condition of matter with respect to structure, form, constitution, phase, or the like. State can be used interchangeably with the country. For example: France, Egypt, Germany, Japan, and New Zealand. When nation of people have a State or country of their own, it’s called a nation-state.

Nation-state is a sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogenous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality. In the other hand, state-nation is a sovereign state inhabited by extremely heterogeneous groups of people who share a feeling of common nationality too.

Ethnicity is all about to ethnic traits, background, allegiance or association. Ethnic is belonging to or deriving from the cultural, racial, religious, or linguistic tradition of a people or country.

This is some of definition of state or we used to called independent country:

  1. Has a space which has internationally recognized boundaries or the boundary disputes are OK.
  2. Have people live there.
  3. Has economic activity and it’s organized.
  4. Has the power of social engineering, such as education.
  5. Has the transportation system
  6. Has a government.
  7. Has external recognition. A country has been ‘voted into club’ by the other.

PEACE OF WESTPHALIA

Peace of Westphalia refers to the two treaty of Osnabruck and Munster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of 1648 respectively which ended both the ‘Thirty Years War’ in Germany and ‘Eighty Years War’ between Spain and Netherlands. The treaties involved the holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III (Habsburg), the kingdoms of Spain, France, and Sweden, the Dutch Republic and their respective allies among the prince of Holy Roman Empire.

The Peace of Westphalia resulted from the first modern diplomatic congress and initiated a new order in central Europe based on concept of state sovereignty. Until 1806, the regulations became part of the constitutional laws of the Holy Roman Empire. This rectification allowed the rules of the German state to independently decide their religious worship. Protestants and Catholics were redefined as equal before the law and Calvinism was given legal recognition.

NATIONALISM, SELF-DETERMINATION, AND DECOLONIZATION

Nationalism is an ideology, a sentiment, a form of culture or a social movement focuses on nation. Self-determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion, and especially as the freedom of the people of a given territory to determine their own political status or independence from their current state. Meanwhile, decolonization is to release or to allow a colony from the status of colony to become self-determination governing or independent.

NATIONAL INTEREST (NI)

NI is a country’s goals and ambitions whether economic, military or culture. National Interest of state is multifaceted. It’s used generally in two sense in IR: as an analytical tool indentifying the goals or objectives of foreign policy and as an all-embracing concept of political discourse used specifically to justify particular policy preferences.

SOURCES:

http://geography.about.com/political/geg (akses tahun 2008)

Evan, Graham & Newnham, Jeffrey. 1998. Dictionary of International Relations. London: Penguin Books

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

GEOSTRATEGI AMERIKA SERIKAT

Pertemuan ketujuh, 21 April 2011 Pendahuluan : Geopolitik suatu kawasan selalu mengalami dinamika dan fluktuasi melalui fase jatuh bangunnya rezim dan supremasi. Perang Dingin menandai jatuhnya sistem bipolar sekaligus jatuhnya supremasi Uni Soviet sehingga tatanan dunia internasional menjadi unipolar dengan sentral power terletak pada Amerika Serikat. Amerika Serikat selaku aktor unipolar dengan kapabilitas strategis militer, ekonomi (melalui Sistem Breton Wood sekaligus Dolar AS) memiliki kepentingan nasional yang kompleks sekaligus komprehensif demi menjamin proyeksi sphere of influence di berbagai daerah. Aspek penting yang menjadi fokus kajian strategi Amerika Serikat terkait dengan beberapa sektor penting seperti: (1) deposit minyak di Timur Tengah, (2) ideologis demokratisasi Amerika Serikat, (3) konflik Israel-Palestina, dan (4) menegakkan perdamaian selaku Polisi Dunia. Tujuan : Mahasiswa mampu mampu menganalisa keterkatian konsep geopolitik dan geostrategi dalam menjel
Read more

Problem Multikultural di Negara Monokultural: kasus Uyghur di Provinsi Xin Jiang terhadap mayoritas China Han, RRC

Tema: Politik Multikulaturalisme dalam perspektif global: analisis dan praktik Topik: “Problem Multikultural di Negara Monokultural: kasus Uyghur di Provinsi Xin Jiang terhadap mayoritas China Han, RRC” [1] Multikulturalisme memiliki banyak pengertian. Salah satu pengertian yang menekankan adanya penghargaan terhadap keanekaragaman di luar kultur dominan [2] . Pandangan multikulturalisme bermanfaat untuk mengetahui bagaimana struktur sosial menciptakan dan menjaga kultur-kultur yang berbeda dalam suatu masyarakat [3] . Multikulturalisme dapat menjadi sumber konflik. Dalam kerangka politik multikulturalisme, Kymlicka (2001) mengemukakan terdapat dua aspek munculnya multikulturalisme, yakni migrasi yang masuk ke suatu daerah dan adanya kebanggaan sebagai minoritas. Aspek pertama dialami oleh negara-negara tujuan immigran dalam studi kasus yang diteliti pada negara Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan Australia. [4] Sedangkan aspek kedua lebih bersifat
Read more

TEORI-TEORI GEOPOLITIK

Pertemuan kedua, 17 Maret 2011 Pendahuluan: Pemetaan dunia secara geopolitik sangat ditentukan di Eropa. Geopolitik pertama kali berkembang di Eropa sejak era merkantilisme. Aspek utama signifkasi geopolitiks saat itu ialah ekspansi ekonomi dan pengusaan militer di tempat-tempat strategis tertentu di Eurasia. Transformasi pemikiran geopolitik klasik sangat dipengaruhi oleh situasi dan kondisi Eropa saat itu yang mana identik dengan kompetisi, kebijakan luar negeri yang spekulatif, perkembangan teknologi darat, laut, dan udara, dan perspektif kewilayahan yang cenderung digunakan oleh elit politik seperti Hitler, Henry Truman, Stalin, sebagai justifikasi kebijakan luar negeri negara masing-masing yang cenderung ekspansif. Oleh karena itu, untuk memahami pemikiran teoritisi geopolitik dan geostrategi masing-masing pemikirannya diperlukan pemahaman terkait dengan aspek lokasi, keruangan, dan historis masing-masing negara supaya diperoleh pemahaman karakteristik utama dan fitur-fitur yang m
Read more