International Political Issues and How They are Managed
International political issues before and after Cold War mainly had been dealing with the emerging of proxy wars, nuclear and space wars, globalisation issue and “Samuel Hutington” clash of civilization. The aftermath of WW II has bring two new emerging world superpower that Mao Zedong identified as the war between first world power and second world power . Proxy wars have been exemplified well by Korean Wars (1950) and Vietnam War (1964). Vietnam War has been ended by US Troops withdrawal from its land in 1967. Korean Wars has ended by comprising thus splitting Korean into two: North Korea remains socialist and authoritarian and South Korea remains democratic and opened to foreign influence .
Other issues emerged during Cold War is nuclear and space wars. It’s been widely known that Soviet Union and United States are occupied by several nuclear reactors that would bring international community to distress. They both tend implicitly to compete in the military capabilities. Bay Pigs Crisis and Afghanistan War are evident for this military race. This issue has been minimized by deterrence policy that both parties agreed to decrease tension due to destruction that may occur whenever war break between them. Together deterrence, compliance, and containment policy has been very effective strategy to manage wars . These strategies are very beneficial to prevent future wars.
Following the end of Cold War characterized by Soviet Union collapse in 1991, world has become unipolar by the only hegemony of United States as Robert Gilpin pointed out . United States plays several major role defining and directing the international politics and economic. This unipolar system comes without any challenge. Albeit, interstate wars are reduced, there’s another entity that would challenge US hegemony effectively and autonomously. Samuel Hutington forecasts this event in his book “Clash of Civilization”. He means, this war could be minimized if only United States effectively and efficiently utilizes its softpower to establish mutual understanding among developing nations or third world nations . This also the means to manage globalization characterized by the rapid invention and transfer of the means of transportation, communication, education, and technology, this globalization event has undertaken several changes and development in shaping more multipolar international politics. Most of them are directed and intervened by western powers and somehow the third world is under pressed. Globalization is, in another word, has altered the structure or world politics before and after Cold War more significantly; unipolar to multipolar.
One problematic question, how United States manage war when her hegemonic power seems to decline in today multipolar world with challenge from China in state level and the occurrence of civilization wars?
REFERENCES
Anonim. 2000. Chairman Mao Zedong's Theory on the Division of the Three World and the Strategy of Forming an Alliance Against an opponent. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic China. [Online] November 17, 2000. [Cited: October 16, 2010.] http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ziliao/3602/3604/t18008.htm.
—. 2000. George Kennan, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" (1947). History Guide. [Online] May 13, 2000. [Cited: October 16, 2010.] http://www.historyguide.org/europe/kennan.html.
Kissinger, Henry. 2006. SoftPower. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Mingst, Karen A. 2009. Essentials of International Relations. London : W.W. Norton, 2009.
Other issues emerged during Cold War is nuclear and space wars. It’s been widely known that Soviet Union and United States are occupied by several nuclear reactors that would bring international community to distress. They both tend implicitly to compete in the military capabilities. Bay Pigs Crisis and Afghanistan War are evident for this military race. This issue has been minimized by deterrence policy that both parties agreed to decrease tension due to destruction that may occur whenever war break between them. Together deterrence, compliance, and containment policy has been very effective strategy to manage wars . These strategies are very beneficial to prevent future wars.
Following the end of Cold War characterized by Soviet Union collapse in 1991, world has become unipolar by the only hegemony of United States as Robert Gilpin pointed out . United States plays several major role defining and directing the international politics and economic. This unipolar system comes without any challenge. Albeit, interstate wars are reduced, there’s another entity that would challenge US hegemony effectively and autonomously. Samuel Hutington forecasts this event in his book “Clash of Civilization”. He means, this war could be minimized if only United States effectively and efficiently utilizes its softpower to establish mutual understanding among developing nations or third world nations . This also the means to manage globalization characterized by the rapid invention and transfer of the means of transportation, communication, education, and technology, this globalization event has undertaken several changes and development in shaping more multipolar international politics. Most of them are directed and intervened by western powers and somehow the third world is under pressed. Globalization is, in another word, has altered the structure or world politics before and after Cold War more significantly; unipolar to multipolar.
One problematic question, how United States manage war when her hegemonic power seems to decline in today multipolar world with challenge from China in state level and the occurrence of civilization wars?
REFERENCES
Anonim. 2000. Chairman Mao Zedong's Theory on the Division of the Three World and the Strategy of Forming an Alliance Against an opponent. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic China. [Online] November 17, 2000. [Cited: October 16, 2010.] http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ziliao/3602/3604/t18008.htm.
—. 2000. George Kennan, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" (1947). History Guide. [Online] May 13, 2000. [Cited: October 16, 2010.] http://www.historyguide.org/europe/kennan.html.
Kissinger, Henry. 2006. SoftPower. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Mingst, Karen A. 2009. Essentials of International Relations. London : W.W. Norton, 2009.
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